TUTORING- ON AS NEEDS BASIS WITH AN APPOINTMENT
TUTORING OTHERSISE IS ON FRIDAY AM at 7:45-8:10 Get a pass from me.
Make up assignments are in orange book at the back of the room.
Happy New Year 2013
1/7-1/11
Monday worksheets to review waves-test 1/14
Tuesday Light Lab
Wednesday Review for Benchmark
Thursday
Benchmark
Friday
Begin to Read October Sky for up coming motion unit
12/10-12/14
Monday and Tuesday abstinence speakers
Wednesday Early Release book projects
Thursday-sound in the real world
Friday Review for Mid-term
midterm on 12/17
12/3 thru 12/7
Monday-n text pictures on waves and page 519 math practice 3 problems with speed ,frequecy and wavelength
Tuesday-wave quiz from notes and Phoenix Rising
project due 10th on Phoenix Rising
Wednesday-sound wave introduction
Thursday-sound wave station labs
Friday work on projects and review waves thus far
Wed 12 early release
Students need to return parent note for time slot for registering 8th graders for high school. First come, first slot choice.
Mid-tem on 12/17
11/26-11/30 2012
finishing novel-Phoenix Rising this week (hopefully) :)
Monday-finish energy unit with a lab
Tuesday-Begin wave unit with drawing a wave and notes
Wednesday- mechanical demonstrate transverse and longitudinal
Thursday-lab for waves
Friday-What is an EM wave?
10/29-11/02
Quiz on Energy Transformations on Tuesday 10/30/12
Use all worksheets to study
Monday -Wednesday Roller Coasters and energy
Thursday -benchmark on Matter S8P1
Review each day for warm ups
Friday- Read in Phenix Rising and research alternate energy sourc es
October 15-19
Conference week-student led conferences
Book Fair
Monday
Get ready for conferences
Tuesday-finish element project
Wenesday
Introduction to Energy
Thursday
Lab
Friday
Energy notes
May7-11
May 7 essay portion of final
Tuesday health project
Wednesday continue presentations
Thursday Read novel
Friday debate
April30- May4
Finish reading October Sky and take quiz 3 and 4.
Olympics week
Essay final on May 7
Multiple choice final May 17
Health project May 9 due
Health debate 11th
April 23-27
In class health project due May 9
Reading October Sky next quiz after page 301.
Health Project-Self Image-- Georgia Performance Standards—Grade 8 HE-1-8
5 points for each activity (in bold italics) resulting in 2 formative grades. Due on May 9th. Choose one to present to the class.
- 1. Food Choices and Results Students and Adults Maintaining healthy weight Restaurant Choices
- Choose a menu from restaurant and bring a take home copy. Make two meal choices that will be healthy life style choices. Your goal would be to maintain a healthy weight. You may use a take home menu that you use to circle your choices. Do not forget beverages.
- Write 3 days of menus that will include all meals and snacks that will give varied and healthy eating habits to maintain a desired body weight.
- Bring in 3 food labels from 3 different types of food. Find the most important nutrients that need to be considered for products, calories, sodium, protein, carbohydrates, sugar, and fat. Write a summary for each product that judges the health or non-healthy choice that these products are for a life time of health.
- What is a healthy weight for you? How do you stack up? Write a paragraph of how you stack up by the standard’s set forth for your age group, height and gender.
- How can you make good choices for school lunches? Write three ideas for lunch choices that are not going to be fattening. Use complete sentences
- Research how heart disease may be affected by
- 2. Stress and Future
- Choose three different careers that might be realistic possibilities for you. Research each. Determine what stresses might be present in that job. Write a letter to imaginary employers for these careers to give ideas of how to reduce stress in the workplace. What can the employer do for the employees to help manage stress?
- Make a chart that outlines the pressures and stress that school causes. The chart needs to have ideas about dealing with peers, how to deal with bullying situations, academic pressures, parental pressure for school, and self esteem, and extra –curricular activities.
- 3. Injuries and wellness
- Choose an injury that students are prone to receive in their normal lives. Make a poster on copy paper that will inform other students on how to deal with that injury.
- What medical facilities may help deal with the injuries and the aftermath of the injury? Think about such things as IED’s, emergency rooms, doctor visits, parental help, physical therapy, chiropractors, message, etc. Make a timeline of the injury to complete healing.
- How could that injury have been prevented? Write complete sentences.
- 4. Exercise and barriers –physical activities
- How do students and adults make excuses that keep them from physical activity? List 5 excuses. What is the impact on health in the long run?
- Make a skit with 3 partners that that creates a 1-3 minute workout. Lead the class in that quick way to incorporate physical activity into any day.
- 5. Media and Health Decisions
- Bring in an advertisement that advertises an activity that minors should avoid.
- Write an interview for your parents that you conduct. Include 6 questions that give their advice on how to make wise decisions when dealing with media on and good decision making. Turn in the questions and their answers.
- 6. Alcohol, tobacco, drugs, tattooing and piercing
- Class debate on underage drinking. Research affects of alcohol on the human body. You will be assigned a position.
- Research the dangers of tattoos and piercings.
- Write a persuasive letter to a congressman to regulate tattoo parlors and body piercings. Convince the congressman to introduce legislation that regulates the licensure and health ratings for those establishments to stay open.
- Parties in high school are known for drugs and alcohol. Make a list of 10 things that you can do to steer clear of the temptations to attend the parties and decisions that you can do make healthy decisions if you decide to attend parties.
- 7. Conflict management
- Write a column for a teen newspaper. Ask 3 fictions letters that ask questions about conflict s that occur from teens that have conflicts with parents or peers. Give advice on how to help solve the conflict.
- Give an example of 4 text messages that could be misinterpreted by the receiver that can cause conflict.
- How might the social media such as Facebook cause conflicts in the lives of students? Take the position that it has negative impact on conflicts. Write a persuasive 7-8 sentence paragraph supporting that position.
April 9-13 machine projects due this week and presentations completed.
Review for CRCT-science counts this year!
CRCT begins Wednesday-sleep well and long, eat breakfast-use restroom during homeroom time, bring a jacket, be ready and pumped up to do your best.
Scores folow your permanent school record.
March 19-23
Monday Motion test
Tuesday-Machine worksheet and novel quiz
Wenesday-go over worksheet and machine video
Thursday -read novel and begin CRCT review
Friday-CRCT review read and quiz on machines
March 12-16
all week read from October Sky
Tuesday-review CRCT practice
Wednesday-finish motion
Thursday-assignmachine project Begin Rube Goldberg
Friday-review for test that is on Monday
Monday CRCT practice on motion
March 5-8
Monday checkpoint county test for science
Tuesday and Wenesday labs if supplies are brought in
Thursday-Reading in "October Sky"
Suggestions, buy your own copy or download on kindle "October Sky" . It is over 400 pages.
Lab supp;ies needed
donated clean meat trays from grocery store-if you ask for them-need about 60 of them
5 bags of balloons that are 8-10 inches in diameter when blown up
4 boxes if drininking straws
Feb. 27-March 2 This week, there will be worksheets, labs, videos and drawings duing class on motion, friction and Newton's Laws. All work should be done in class. Check website weekly and study 10 min/day.
Feb. 13-17
NEXT WEEK IS BREAK
This week, we are presenting speed presentations done in computer lab last week. We will continue the week with discussions and a lab for motion of objects.
Feb 6-10
Monday Review for test
Tuesday Test Magnetism and Electricity
and quiz on magnetism
Wednesday-health survey
Thursday and Friday Bernouli and Charles' laws
Jan. 30- Feb. 3
Monday Lab on circuits
Tuesday grade on Monday's lab and electricity quiz
Wenesday- Review magnetism and electricity
Thursday - and Friday Bernouli and Gas laws
Feb 7
Monday Test Feb 6
Jan.17-20
This week is magnets and mgnetism week.
We saw a video on magnets on Tuesday-notes in notebook
We had the writing test on Wed. and did a short magnet lab that should be in their notebooks.
Thursday- Read text and answer questions
Friday Magnet quiz and electricity video
Homework due Friday 5 items in home that require magnets and a paragragh "A Day without Magnets"- creative writing
video on electricity
Beginning in 2012
No retakes on any test, no late work.
Come back ready to keep up and work at your highest level. Study 10 minutes each day for science. There will be no study guides, merely a list of topics that the tests will cover. The benchmark test for county will be on Jan. 5 Thusday.
Jan. 9-13
Sound Book done in class for grade Monday and Tuesday
Wednesday and Thursday review of waves
Friday Test waves
Need lab supplies next week for electricity. We will begin magetism on Tuesday Jan. 17
No school on Monday 16th Martin Luther King day
LAB NEEDS
D CELL BATTERIES, 9V BATTERIES, ELECTRICAL TAPE, COFFEE STIRERS, STRAWS, EMPTY PAPER TOWEL ROLS, STRINGS OF CHRISTMAS LIGHTS TO CUT UP TO COMPLETE CIRCUITS WITH BULBS!!!!!! PLEASE, PLEASE, HELP!!!!
Jan. 3-6
Review waves, ears and eyes to perceive waves, sound waves,
lab for waves, booklet for sound waves.
Come with a book to read at all times.
If you have not turned in your scientist paper, Wednesday the 4th is the last possible day.
See friends for notes that you have missed.
Topics for mid-term below
Acid/base
Chemical and physical properties
SI units and measurement
Density
Periodic table metals and non-metals
Ions and polyatomic ions
Valence electrons/charge
Phases of matter
Energy and energy transformations
Conservation of mass and of energy
Bonds
Pure forms of carbon
Waves-transverse and longitudinal
Characteristics of waves-and frequency-speed-wavelength
Heat and thermal reactions
Friction-work-energy
Units for all units
Dec. 12-16
Mondday and Tuesday review for mid-term
Wed. Mid-term
Thursday discuss noel read in class
Friday-sound video and trivia game
Mery Christmas
Dec. 5-9
MONDAY -ESSAY FOR MID-TERM
Tuesday--Thursday-computer lab to make a glogster for electromagnetic spectrum
Friday- project paper due 12/12-The eye and how it works accepting light
Nov. 28-Dec.2
Monday-Define work and give units, calculations for total energy, formula for kenetic energy and potential energy. Worksheet due Wed. for energy review
Tuesday-Read all class period from "Phoenix Rising" If finished, read own book
Wednesday-Take wsheet given on Monday for grade Begin intro to waves
Thursday-Draw wave and label, demonstrate some waves from video
Friday-Gas laws and fluid movement
Nov. 7-11
Monday vocab for energy
Tuesday-lab with bouncy balss
Wenesday-worksheets to cement learning
Thursday-video and discuss
Friday -computer lab to research for debate
Oct 31-Nov4
Monday-pendulum lab
Tuesday-no school
Wednesday-drawing for potential and kinetic energy
Thursday and Friday-computer lab to research for scientist research paper
reading "Phoenix Rising"
October 17-21
Lab on Monday with calcium chloride and water
Tuesday and Wednesday getting ready for test
Thursday test
Frriday begin book "Phoenix Rising"
Study for test
Assigned a research project due on12/12
Oct. 24-28
Monday-book text read page 83-93 on "gas laws" questions page 89 and 93.
Tuesday-read in novel "Phoenix Rising" and go over questions about gas laws
1st and 2nd no class because of trip to NPHS.
Wenesday- and Thursday Organic chemistry overview
Friday check lab in notebook on Endo or Exo? quiz on gas laws and organic chemistry and chemistry post test
Rewrite lab for criteria given on Monday for Friday check. Turn in any missing work.
Oct. 10th-114th
Monday-write essay and have someone proof it. 2nd period some still reading even though we have been reading for weeks. Project due Tuesday Essay due to be finished by Friday (3 7-8 sentence/paragraphs-need minimum 3 paragraphs)
Tuesday-project presentations
Wednesday-intoduce pH scale
Thursday benchmark test time left-CRCT book review
Friday pH lab Test Thursday 20th
Sept. 26-30
Quiz Thursday on Ions and Ionic Bonding
Monday- Bonding- wond with classmate-ionic bonding
Tuesday-Reading the Cloud Chamber-Model Kits
Wednesday-Review bonding and c ompounds -Finish Cloud Chamber-Project due 10/6 on the Cloud Chamber
Thursday-Quiz Introduce Conservation of Matter and balancing Chemical Equations
Friday-Balance Chemical equations practice
Extra help-google "ChemTutor"
Sept 12-16
Monday-cnference about grades isotope--bean lab-read novel
Tuesday-Adopt an Element project presentation
Wednesday-video on chemical reactions -discuss and read
ThursdayAssign Novel project-read-work on project-author Patterson assembly
Friday-Begin memorizing ions and charges
9/14/11 Wednesday
Notes
How to recognize a chemical reaction has taken place:
Combustion
Cooking
Precipitate
Gas formation
Oxidation
Rust
Color change
New substance formed
Making or breaking bonds
Definition of the conservation of Matter
Matter can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only change form.
Ions to memorizes
B+3
Al+3
H+1
Si-4
N-3
Se-2
P-3
I-1
Cl-1
Br-1
S-2
O-2
F-1
Na+1
Be+2
Mg+2
Ca+2
K+1
Sept. 6-9
Ionic Bonding
Atoms and Compounds are Neutral.
Atoms are neutral because the positive protons are balanced by the same number of electrons.
When atoms are unstable, then the can lose or gain electrons which upsets the balance with protons.
The atom becomes an ion. Positive ions are cations and negative ions are anions. Positive ions will attract negative ions, they will come together to create an ionic bond that holds them together as a neutral compounds. An example is Na becomes positive by losing an electron. Cl becomes negative by gaining an electron.
Together they are held together with an ionic bond that is NaCl-salt.
Atoms can lose or gain more than 1 electron, which can result in +2 0r -2 ions and others can exist.
Most bonds are covalent, but we will concentrate on ionic bonds for our
This week we finished ionic bonding notes, have erarly release on Wed. and a test on Friday. Thursday is review.
Test will include:
diatomis molecules, stable and reactive atoms, symbols, names and numbers of assigned 25 elelments, mixtures, solutions, states of matter, elements as pure substances, physical and chemical properties and changes, covalent and ionic bonding, density, viscosity, valence electrons, dot configuration, energy levels, Bohr drawings, surface temperature
Project is due 9/13
August 29- Sept 2
ITBS week short class periods
notes on bonding
Covalent bonding
Atoms share electrons
Diatomic covalent molecular bonding is sharing of electrons. An example is Oxygen #8 on the periodic table. It has 8 electrons. Those electrons are represented by energy levels. Energy levels of electrons orbiting and spinning around the nucleus can be represented in several ways. Memorize the levels in order. From the nucleus out is the 1s level followed by th others in this order
1s, 2s, 2p,3s,3p,4s
If its name is "s", it canhold up to 2 electrons.
If its name is "p", it can hold up to 6 electrons.
It can be represented with a Lewis dot configuration. or just lines representing the bonds.
Oxygen is a diatomic molecular bond.
Two together make is breathable oxygen. Three oxygens together create ozone.
Water is 2 hydrogens and one oxygen held together as a compound with a covvalent bond. Water is polar (looks like hydrogens as mickey mouse ears around the oxygen. Water is polar. Astrong magnet can pull a stream of water, because water is polar. Compounds have more than one element for a molecule. Some molecules are molecular and are just at least two atoms held togehter of the same type such as breathable oxygen.
Study and google "chemtutor" for more help.
I will be here for tutoring on the 8th at 7:45 AM. Get ready for the test. If you understand it all and would like to come to tutoring to help as struggling classmate, show up to help.
Project due 9/13
Test 9/9
Monday and Tuesday video on mixtures and solutions and read in "The Cloud Chamber"
Wenesday- explanations and notes on compounds and ionic bonding
Thursday notes on molecular compounds and contine to read the book.
Friday activity for mixtures and solutions-group art
August 22-26
Notes for 22-25
ionic bond- giving or gaining electrons example NaCl Salt
covalent bond-sharing electrons example water H2O
Chemical bond- any type of bond which includes ionic and covalent
oxygen is unstable-to become stable one atom bonds to another oxygen making a molecule O2
Compound is the joining of 2 or more different elements-example-sugar C6H12O6
to be cont'd another day. Have a great day!!
More notes:
Ionic Bonding
Atoms and Compounds are Neutral.
Atoms are neutral because the positive protons are balanced by the same number of electrons.
When atoms are unstable, then the can lose or gain electrons which upsets the balance with protons.
The atom becomes an ion. Positive ions are cations and negative ions are anions. Positive ions will attract negative ions, they will come together to create an ionic bond that holds them together as a neutral compounds. An example is Na becomes positive by losing an electron. Cl becomes negative by gaining an electron.
Together they are held together with an ionic bond that is NaCl-salt.
Atoms can lose or gain more than 1 electron, which can result in +2 0r -2 ions and others can exist.
Most bonds are covalent, but we will concentrate on ionic bonds for our
Elements
Alkali Metals
Far left on table
Include Li, Na, K
These elements and the others in group 1A are unstable because they have one valence electron. To become stable, they will give up one electron and become a positive on ion that is more stable. Often they will give that one electron to a halogen that only needs one electron.
These metals are highly reactive and will react with air and violently react with water.
Alkali Earth Metals are Group II A. They include Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba.
They are unstable, because the have 2 valence electrons that they would give away to become stable. When they give away 2 electrons, they will become stable leaving them as positive 2 ions that are ready to create compounds. They are metals just as alkali metals are. Calcium is a necessary mineral for our health. We store it in our bones. It is always in our bloodstream We need vitamin D to help calcium be used in our bodies.
Noble Gases are stable, because their valence electrons are full. They will not react to form compounds unless forced. They include He, Ne. Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn. As one is at the top of the group VIIA, the elements are light and Helium will fill balloons that rise. Ne fills signs and causes them to light us the night sky with red signs. The others are so heavy, that balloons that are filled with them will fall to the floor.
Halogens Group VIIA include F, Cl, Br, I and At. These elements need one electron to fill their valence shell. They will find one and become stable and thus a negative 1 ion. They are then ready to create an ionic bond with that element from which it took one electron. Bromine is liquid at room temperature. The others are gases.
Transition elements are at
the center of the periodic table that includes many elements. The important éléments are Ni, Mn, Fe, Ag, Au, Hg, Zn.
These elements can lose or gain electrons depending on what is needed at the time. Many of them will react with Oxygen making compounds such as Iron oxide which is rust.
Iron is sometimes magnetized and can become a permanent magnet. Titanium is used in things that need to be light weight such as a wheelchair.
Monday element quiz, density lab, discuss Friday's quiz,
An atom is the building block of matter.
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means.
State of matter is one of four (liquid, gas, solid, or plasma) that matter takes the form of dependant on the temperature of the substance.
Metric Conversion King Henry died by drinking chocolate milk
King =kilo,
Henry=hecto,
died=deka )(da),
by=base unit (distance-meter abrev-m, mass is measured in grams (abrev g) and volume is liters (abrev l)
drinking-deci (d)
chocolate-centi
milk-milli
Move decimal right or left.
K H Da B D C M
4.23cl=____dal move 3 places to left 0.00423
26kg=____dg
Move 4 places to right 260,000
Tuesday 23rd notes on ions and begin learning ions assigned and video
Wednesday 24th make note cards for ions, review "matter and chemistry" this far
Thursday 25th assign an element to do Bohr drawing and fill energy level, begin novel :The Cloud Chamber"
Friday read The Cloud Chamber", atom worksheet, and folder work
August 15-18
Monday video and turn in notes , work on physical traits wheel
Tuesday descibe elements that will go around the room-go over traits wheel
Wednesday Density Lab and short video
Thursday work on project due 9/13 books from library here-bring anything else that you want to use for your project
Friday quiz on atomic theory and scientists, atoms, elements, 4 states of matter
notes on Lewis dot, Bohr Drawings and valence electrons
Monday quiz on elements highlighted on the periodic table that I gave you.
August 8-12
Monday covered scientific method, and law/theory and had a quiz
Tuesday accuracy /precsion take up lab safety contracts Chemistry pre-test
Assign a project
Review mattter and beginning of year, begin chemistry notes, Nuts and Bolts activity in class
Wednesday review scientific method and do pendulum lab
Thursday notes on atomic theory and basic atom drawings
Friday examples of plasmas. Venn diagram on states of matter
Work on project
Notes for the week-
matter has mass and takes up space.
Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties and reactions.
The Periodic table of elements was begain in the 1800's with the father of the periodic table-Dimitri Mendeleev. He organized 63 elements by atomis mass. The atomic theory states that the atome has a positively charged nucleus with protons(positive) and nerutrons( neutral). n the are surounded by electon levels of electrons with a negative chage. All atoms are neutral with protons and electrons balanciong. The atomis mass is theprotons plus the neutrons. One box on the periodic table has the atomic number (which is the # of protons), the atomis symbol, the atomic mas (neurtrons and protons), the element name and often the stae of matter at room temperature.
If you mis the the Veen diagram, make one with 3 cicles overlapping and research gas, liquid, and solid. Compare and contrast them on the Venn.
Dalton, Chadwick, Rutherford andBohr helped with the atomic theory. If you missed notes on the scientists, look them up on google. Take notes on their contribution to the atomic theory.
The atom has a nucleus
If we have time, we will go deeper into these nortes.
Eighth Grade Advanced Content Science Syllabus
Sharon Peppers Room 729
speppers@paulding.k12.ga.us
2011/2012
Performance Standards
S8P1 Students will examine the scientific view of the nature of matter.
S8P2 Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy.
S8P3 Students will investigate relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects.
S8P4 Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation.
S8P5 Students will recognize characteristics of gravity, electricity, and magnetism as major kinds of forces acting in nature.
Expectations
Advanced content students will be expected to have intellectual curiosity. They will be expected to maintain behavior that is consistent with classrooms designed for optimum learning. Grades will need to be maintained at least at 80% in venture classes and passing grades in all other classes. Work habits need to show organization for materials. Students will take responsibility for their own learning. Using class time wisely and making use of notes given will help students to prepare for tests. It is a given that the student will study for tests.
Ten points is deducted for each day a paper/project is late so please turn in work on time, or (life happens) let me know ahead of time that something will be late, and we will make arrangements. Telling me the day something is due that it will be late is not considered "ahead of time."
Tests
Tests and quizzes will be given in a format that utilizes all thought process. Recall, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation.
Evaluations
Students will be evaluated regularly. Grades will be determined county wide with 40% for formative assignments which include daily learning, small labs and quizzes. 60% of the grade will be determined by summative assessments which go hand in hand with performance standards. These will come from
Unit tests, projects, and major labs.
Textbooks
There is a classroom set of textbooks. Therefore, students will need to have well developed notes and class work from which to study.
Student name___________________________________________
Parent/guardian signature__________________________________******** This syllabus is subject to change to meet the needs of students *********
Please, return this signed tomorrow.
Feel free to contact me at any time. E-mail is a great tool. I will get back to you as soon as possible.
1st nine weeks with possible activities
Habits of the Mind
Scientific Method- Pendulum Lab for controlling variables
Measurement and Metric Conversions practice conversions using pneumonic device Measurement lab with meter sticks and rulers
Lab Safety-Dr. Icky
Analysis and Graph Create graph from pendulum lab
Bias and Ethics used all year for all labs
Phases of Matter brainstorm
Physical and Chemical properties periodic table lab with nuts and bolts
Law of Conservation of matter-balance chemical equations
Atom Drawing and fill energy levels using the periodic table of elements
Bonding-bond with a class mate and worksheet with polyatomic bonding balancing charges
Compounds and mixtures students make lists with a partner after reading text
2nd nine weeks with possible activities
Forms and Transformation of Energy
Law of conservation of energy a second pendulum lab
Potential and Kinetic Energy Lab match box cars lab- marble and ruler lab
Conduction and Convection and Radiation - popcorn 3 methods
Compare and Contrast forms of energy- Venn diagram
Reelection, Diffraction, Refraction, Absorption-broken mirror, water, lamp
Waves-stadium wave-cellophane over flashlights –straws on tubs of water
Light human eye research
Visual spectrum-colors of paper to recreate spectrum
Sound Amplitude and Pitch- band instruments
3rd nine weeks with possible activities
Electricity
Circuits-Christmas lights
Currents and magnets -magnets and fillings
Mass and Motion-match box cars, create a roller coaster
Calculations with formulas
Balanced and unbalanced forces-balance a pencil
Gravitational force and mass-calculate with formulas-toilet tissue demo
4th nine weeks with possible activities
Research a scientist
Simple Machines
Motion and work –calculate formulas
Create an invention using 3 kinds of simple machines Rube Goldberg contest
Potential and Kinetic energy apply those concepts to invention- Calculate with formulas
Scripted programs for self image, hygiene, Tobacco, Drugs, Alcohol, and Choosing the Best-Abstinence |
